Ani, the medieval capital of Bagratid Armenia, now lays in ruins. The gorge created by the Akhurian river snakes its way beside the city and forms a natural border bringing the once Armenian city into modern day Turkey.

The tuff stone of some of the largest buildings still stand; the pink, orange and black hues of the bricks so characteristic of Armenia. Walk the gravel paths through the site, pop into the various buildings that remain, be amazed by the medieval artwork and inscription, stand in awe looking out over the gorge towards modern day Armenia. So close, but yet so far; the Armenian people lost one of their greatest symbols of pride with the change of borders. And, sadly, it seems that not enough is being done to keep the city alive.

This guide will give you all the info on how to visit Ani, a brief history and other things to do nearby.

A Brief History of Ani

Ani was the capital of the Bagratid Armenian kingdom which comprised of modern day Armenia plus modern day Eastern Turkey. The city thrived due to its location along a trade route, and during its time, it was one of the world’s largest cities.

Ani was invaded on many occasions. Seljuk Turks captured the city and slaughtered its population; followed by subsequent invasions by the Kingdom of Georgia and Mongols.

A devastating earthquake hit the region in the 14th century which caused significant damage from which Ani never really recovered. This combined with a change in trade route away from Ani, and the takeover of the Ottoman Empire resulted in the city being completely abandoned by the middle of the 18th century.

Ani was then incorporated into the Russian Empire. The city was looted and damaged by Turks in 1918. Archaeologists managed to rescue some artifacts before the ransacking.

Soon after, the Soviet Union invaded Armenia, and the treaty of Kars was signed determining the borders of Turkey and the three Caucasian Soviet republics – Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. Ani was not given back to Armenia, and has remained in Turkish territory since.

How to Visit Ani

Getting to Ani

The first step is to get yourself to Kars. 

Kars is the nearest city and has an airport (KSY) that connects with Istanbul and Ankara.

There is also a train that travels from Ankara to Kars. We haven’t taken this train but you can see details at this link.

We took a bus from Van to Kars. Tickets cost 300 TL, and the journey took seven hours, leaving Van at 10:00. During this seven hour journey, the bus was stopped on six occasions: either at police checkpoints or being flagged down by police. Yes, you read that right. The bus was stopped basically every hour.

Police would come on to the bus, check our IDs and passports, take them off the bus to presumably run them through a system, and bring them back. The whole thing was pretty tedious, but no one on the bus ran into any issues with the authorities, and we were the only non-locals.

We bought our tickets through ‘Best Van’, but the bus company that actually drove the route was called Turgutreis. Once you arrive into Kars, there is a free shuttle bus that will take you from the bus station into the city centre. Give the driver a shout when you want to get off.

To get from Kars to Ani, you will need to catch the 10:00 bus from just outside of Sugar Beet Cafe. Head over here, pay 20 TL each way for your ticket in cash on the bus. The journey lasts about an hour. The bus waits around and then returns back to Kars, leaving Ani at 13:30.

How Long Do I Need to Explore Ani?

By getting the bus to and from Ani from Kars, you have two and a half hours to explore the site. And we found that this really worked out to be the perfect amount of time. We didn’t feel rushed, and even had a little time to buy postcards, a magnet, and slowly sip a cup of cay in the winter sunshine.

Do I Need a Guide?

Maybe. When we arrived, there weren’t any guides working. We had, however, met an Iraqi Kurd on the bus who seemed to know a lot about Ani and was talking us through bits and pieces. There are a few plaques around the site with information, however, they are very lacking. I feel like so much more could be done to bring this site back to life, and tell Ani’s story!

I made sure that I did plenty of research before and after visiting to get a good grasp of the city’s prominence. Tours could be arranged in Kars to provide you with better insight.

Entrance Requirements

As of December 23, the entrance fee is 180 TL. There is no need to buy your ticket in advance as this site is very much off the tourist trail and doesn’t receive hordes of visitors. Up until quite recently, Ani was a heavily monitored city, requiring visitors to apply for permits. Nowadays, you can just walk in without issues as long as you have your passport with you.  (We missed this memo and did not take our passports with us! Luckily, there weren’t many people visiting and the police let us enter anyway.) Entry is free with the Turkey Museum Pass.

Ani’s Hotspots

This is the route that we took around Ani. It took us around in a loop so we didn’t end up doubling back on ourselves, except when heading up to the citadel (but that’s unavoidable). Also, we found that the views and buildings were progressively more impressive in this order leaving the best til last.

– City walls

– Spot the cave dwellings on the other side of the gorge

– The characteristic black and orange checkerboard brickwork of Ani Palace

– The collapsed pillars of the Church of Saint Gregory Gagkashen

– Zoroastrian temple

– Church of the Holy Apostles

– The phenomenally preserved Armenian inscription on the walls of the Church of Saint Gregory of the Abughamrents. This is one of the iconic buildings of Ani as it is still largely in tact in comparison to the others.

– The minaret and view over the gorge from Manuchihr Mosque. Make sure you walk around the outside of the mosque to get amazing views over the gorge looking over to Armenia. Spot the remnants of the Old Silk Road Bridge that crossed the gorge.

– Climb the hill and over the rubble of the Citadel for views of the Maiden’s Castle on what looks like an island/peninsula that extends out into the gorge. The castle, unfortunately, is out of bounds.

– Make your way back towards the entrance, stopping to venture into Ani Cathedral. This is one of the largest standing structures on the site. Walk through and out the other side to see star shaped brickwork and khachkars carved into the brick.

– See the Church of the Redeemer which almost looks as though it has been cut in half. When we were there, there was so much scaffolding, that we could barely see the building. (Fingers crossed that that means restoration is going ahead!

– And the absolute best til last: The Church of St Gregory of Tigran Honents. Admire the artwork above the entrance way and the ancient inscription on the outside of the building before heading inside and being wowed by the floor to ceiling artwork.

Facilities at Ani

There are toilets, a cafe serving drinks and snacks, and a souvenir shop.

Top Tips for Visiting Ani

Bring your passport for smooth entry to the site.

Wear sturdy shoes. There is a huge amount of rubble and uneven paths.

Be prepared for the weather to be brutal. We went in November and it was really cold and windy: there are no shelters other than the cafe at the entrance. Equally, in summer you would be fully exposed.

Other Things to Do Nearby

After visiting Ani, head back to Kars, and do a little exploration here.

Wander up to Kars fortress for uninterrupted views over the city. Entrance is free.

Stop for coffee at Raskolnikov overlooking the river. This cafe/restaurant is built in an old hamam. (Check out this this blog post on Turkish coffee, so you know what to order.)

Have dinner at Kars Kazevi. We ordered the evelik (local green) and nettle soup which also had lentils and potatoes in. We then shared a plate of hangel which is squares of pasta served with a mound of yoghurt and caramelised onions on top. The meal is served with a plate of pickles and bread, and followed up with a cup of cay. (Take a look at this post on other Turkish vegetarian food to look out for on your Turkey adveture.) This was a really warm and comforting meal to finish off a very cold day of exploring the ruins of Ani.

Maybe head to Georgia next? Our next stop after Kars was Batumi in the Adjara region. Use this guide to find out how to make the journey.

Istanbul is a very-well connected city. It has buses, trams, ferries, and a metro that can easily get you almost anywhere in the city. Istanbul is also huge and is separated into sections by the Bosphorus Strait, meaning that it is not easily walkable. Visiting Istanbul, you will no doubt need to use public transport on several occasions, and for this, you will need an Istanbul transport card known as the Istanbulkart.

When we arrived into Istanbul after getting a night bus from Plovdiv, Bulgaria, we had to buy our Istanbul transport card while we were half asleep, and it would have been so much easier if we had known all the ins and outs beforehand. So, we have put together a handy guide with all the information that we would have liked to have had about the Istanbulkart.

Where You Can Use the Istanbulkart

Almost all public transport around Istanbul accepts the Istanbulkart – trams, trains, buses, metro, ferries etc. Tap your card at the turnstiles or onboard devices depending on the transport you are taking.

Where to Get an Istanbulkart

Find machines at major transport hubs such as the airports, main bus stations or train stations. There are also machines dotted around the city in metro stations, tram stations etc. where you will be able to buy the card. The most common machines are yellow with Biletmatik written on the front. There are also larger blue machines that will dispense an Istanbulkart.

How to Get an Istanbulkart

The Istanbulkart is anonymous, so the HES code that was required during COVID times is no longer. Go to one of the machines, change the language to English, and select the Istanbulkart. It is red and may be named ‘anonymous’ if not showing as ‘Istanbulkart’.

Select how much money you want to add to your card. Feed the amount you want to add on to the card, plus the price of the card into the machine. Some machines at larger transport hubs such as Esenler bus station will accept card transactions with a small fee.

FYI the machines have a pretty aggressive countdown timer. We were timed out on at least three occasions while trying to work out how much money to put on to the card.

How Much to Add on to the Istanbulkart

I would advise against adding a large amount in one hit. If you don’t use it up, it’s not a straight forward procedure to get the money back. Otherwise, you would have to sell it on to another traveller.

When we were in Istanbul in October 22, one tap cost 6.67 TL, this appears to have now increased to 17.7 TL as of Jan 24! The most up to date fees are available here.

Even though this seems like a huge increase, the value of the lira has dropped.

As of Jan 24, £1 = 38 TL.

In Oct 22, £1 = 21 TL ish.

17.7 TL in Jan 24 works out to be about 46p. So you are still getting huge value for money!

If you were to, say, get a bus and then a ferry straight after, the second tap will be discounted. If you then used another form of public transport, you would get a further discounted rate. However, this only appeared to work for us about 60% of the time so don’t bank on it.

How to Top Up the Istanbulkart

You can easily top up the card at any yellow or blue machine around the city. These are available at most transport stops.

Change the language to English. Place your card on the reader and wait til the machine recognises it. Add the cash into the machine. Wait for the machine to register the note and it will add it to your card.

Most machines only accept cash for top ups, but machines at major transport hubs may also accept card payment for a small fee.

How Many People Can Use One Istanbulkart?

The Istanbulkart can be used by up to five different people. So if you are travelling in a group of five or less, buy one card only. At the turnstile, one person will tap the card for each person to go through before going through themselves. The discounted rate for doing multiple journeys back to back will only apply to one person’s tap, not all five.

E.g. Five people go from Esenler to Ulubatli by metro paying 9.9 TL per person on one Istanbulkart. Then these five people travel from Ulubatli to Fener by bus on the same Istanbulkart. One person will tap at a discounted rate, while the other four people will tap through at 9.9TL still.

How to Check Your Card Balance

There is an option at the yellow and blue machines to show the balance on your card. Otherwise, when you tap through the turnstiles, it will show you how much you are being charged and what is left on the card. There is also an app, but I have heard negative reviews so we didn’t use this.

What the Different Tap Sounds Mean

When you tap through a turnstile or tap onboard, there will either be regular sound, an ‘alert-type’ sound or a ‘you don’t have enough money on your card’ rejected sound. If you get the alert sound, don’t panic, it’s just the machine warning you that you are getting low on funds. Only if you have the rejected sound and a red screen, will you not be allowed to get on the transport.

The Different Types of Istanbulkart

There are several Istanbulkarts. The red one is for non-residents, so us tourists and travellers. The blue and yellow cards are personalised cards for locals.

Looking for things to do in Istanbul once you have your Istanbulkart up and running? Read about our top things to do in Istanbul here.